1  public_key Release Notes

1 public_key Release Notes

  • If both ext-key-usage and key-usage are defined for a certificate it should be checked that these usages are consistent with each other. This will have the affect that such certificates where the ext-key-usages is marked as critical and the usages is consistent with the key-use it can be considered valid without mandatory application specific checks for the ext-key-useage extension.

    Own Id: OTP-19240 Aux Id: PR-8840, OTP-19532

  • Handle decoding of EDDSA key properly, when decoding a PEM file that contains only the public EDDSA key.

    Own Id: OTP-19350 Aux Id: GH-9009, PR-9053

  • Do not hide crypto badarg reason, this error handling enhancement facilitates debugging. These kind of runtime errors are not documented and should never be relied on for matching, they are intended for catching input errors early.

    Own Id: OTP-19238 Aux Id: PR-8831

  • For completeness handle rsa_pss implicit default value, although this will probably not be commonly used as it provides very weak security.

    Own Id: OTP-19179

  • Fix bug in dnsName constraint check, could cause valid cert to be considered bad during path validation.

    Own Id: OTP-19100 Aux Id: GH-8482, PR-8508

  • Hostname prefix with X number of dots should not be accepted.

    Own Id: OTP-18935 Aux Id: GH-8021

  • ssl application will validate id-kp-serverAuth and id-kp-clientAuth extended key usage only in end entity certificates. public_key application will disallow "anyExtendedKeyUsage" for CA certificates that includes the extended key usage extension and marks it critical.

    Own Id: OTP-18739

  • Modernize ECC handling so that crypto FIPS support works as expected.

    Own Id: OTP-18854

  • Support certificate policies in path_validation - as described by RFC 5280.

    Own Id: OTP-17844 Aux Id: ERIERL-738

  • Add more search paths for cacerts on Illumos.

    Own Id: OTP-18814 Aux Id: PR-7435

  • Make it possible to handle invalid date formats in the verify_fun for pkix_path_validation/3

    Own Id: OTP-18867 Aux Id: GH-7515

  • Country name comparison shall be case insensitive

    Own Id: OTP-18718 Aux Id: GH-7546

  • Add check to disallow duplicate certs in a path

    Own Id: OTP-18723 Aux Id: GH-6394

  • Handling of on_load modules during boot has been improved by adding an extra step in the boot order for embedded mode that runs all on_load handlers, instead of relying on explicit invocation of them, later, when the kernel supervision tree starts.

    This is mostly a code improvement and OTP internal simplification to avoid future bugs and to simplify code maintenance.

    Own Id: OTP-18447

  • ssl application will validate id-kp-serverAuth and id-kp-clientAuth extended key usage only in end entity certificates. public_key application will disallow "anyExtendedKeyUsage" for CA certificates that includes the extended key usage extension and marks it critical.

    Own Id: OTP-18739

  • Country name comparison shall be case insensitive

    Own Id: OTP-18718 Aux Id: GH-7546

  • As different solutions of verifying certificate revocation exists move the decode of 'CRLDistributionPoints' so that it will only be decode. When it is actually used in the verification process. This would enable interoperability with systems that use certificates with an invalid empty CRLDistributionPoints extension that they want to ignore and make verification by other means.

    Own Id: OTP-18316 Aux Id: GH-6402, PR-6883

  • public_key:pkix_path_validation validates certificates expiring after 2050

    Own Id: OTP-18356 Aux Id: GH-6403

  • Do not leave exit message in message queue after calling cacerts_load() on MacOS.

    Own Id: OTP-18392 Aux Id: GH-6656

  • Replace size/1 with either tuple_size/1 or byte_size/1

    The size/1 BIF is not optimized by the JIT, and its use can result in worse types for Dialyzer.

    When one knows that the value being tested must be a tuple, tuple_size/1 should always be preferred.

    When one knows that the value being tested must be a binary, byte_size/1 should be preferred. However, byte_size/1 also accepts a bitstring (rounding up size to a whole number of bytes), so one must make sure that the call to byte_size/ is preceded by a call to is_binary/1 to ensure that bitstrings are rejected. Note that the compiler removes redundant calls to is_binary/1, so if one is not sure whether previous code had made sure that the argument is a binary, it does not harm to add an is_binary/1 test immediately before the call to byte_size/1.

    Own Id: OTP-18432 Aux Id: GH-6672,PR-6793,PR-6784,PR-6787,PR-6785,PR-6682,PR-6800,PR-6797,PR-6798,PR-6799,PR-6796,PR-6813,PR-6671,PR-6673,PR-6684,PR-6694,GH-6677,PR-6696,PR-6670,PR-6674

  • Disregard LDAP URIs when HTTP URIs are expected.

    Own Id: OTP-18333 Aux Id: GH-6363

  • Support more Linux distributions in cacerts_load/0.

    Own Id: OTP-18154 Aux Id: PR-6002

  • Correct asn1 typenames available in type pki_asn1_type()

    Own Id: OTP-18189 Aux Id: ERIERL-829

  • Sign/verify does now behave as in OTP-24 and earlier for eddsa.

    Own Id: OTP-18205 Aux Id: GH-6219

  • Added functions to retrieve OS provided CA-certs.

    Own Id: OTP-17798 Aux Id: GH-5760

  • Allow key file passwords to be input as a single binary, that is we change the data type to be the more for the purpose logical data type iodata() instead of string().

    Own Id: OTP-17890

  • The deprecated public_key functions ssh_decode/2, ssh_encode/2, ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/1 and ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/2 are removed.

    They are replaced by ssh_file:decode/2, ssh_file:encode/2, ssh:hostkey_fingerprint/1 and ssh:hostkey_fingerprint/2 respectively.

    Note that the decode/2 and encode/2 are not exact replacement functions, some minor changes may be needed. Se the manual for more information.

    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

    Own Id: OTP-17921

  • Country name comparison shall be case insensitive

    Own Id: OTP-18718 Aux Id: GH-7546

  • Correct asn1 typenames available in type pki_asn1_type()

    Own Id: OTP-18189 Aux Id: ERIERL-829

  • Support password fun for protected keyfiles in ssl:connect function.

    Own Id: OTP-17816 Aux Id: PR-5607

  • Avoid re-encoding of decoded certificates. This could cause unexpected failures as some subtle encoding errors can be tolerated when decoding but hence creating another sequence of bytes if the decoded value is re-encoded.

    Own Id: OTP-17657

  • public_key:pkix_sign/2 now honors the salt length from the provided input parameters. Earlier this could result in incorrect signatures if not using recommended defaults.

    Own Id: OTP-17534 Aux Id: GH-5054, PR-5057

  • When decoding an 'ECPrivateKey' unwrap the private key. For more precise information see RFC 8410, section 7.

    Own Id: OTP-17609 Aux Id: GH-5157, GH-5156

  • Handle cross-signed root certificates when old root expired as reported in GH-4877.

    Own Id: OTP-17475 Aux Id: GH-4877

  • TLS connections now support EdDSA certificates.

    Own Id: OTP-17142 Aux Id: PR-4756, GH-4637, GH-4650

  • The functions public_key:ssh_encode/2, public_key:ssh_decode/2, public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/1 and public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/2 are deprecated.

    Replacement functions are available in SSH, see the Deprecations chapter in the Erlang/OTP documentation.

    Own Id: OTP-17352

  • Enhance documentation and logging of certificate handling.

    Own Id: OTP-17384 Aux Id: GH-4800

  • Handle cross-signed root certificates when old root expired as reported in GH-4877.

    Own Id: OTP-17475 Aux Id: GH-4877

  • Fixed case insensitive hostname check.

    Own Id: OTP-17242 Aux Id: GH-4500

  • Add sanity check of trusted anchor certificate expiration to pkix_path_validation/3. Although the anchor is considered a trusted input this sanity check does provide extra security for the users of the public_key application as this property needs to be checked at time of usage and fits very well with the other checks performed here.

    Own Id: OTP-16907

  • Adjust generation of test certificates to conform to RFC 5280 rules for formatting of the certificates validity

    Own Id: OTP-17111

  • Corrected dialyzer spec for pkix_path_validation/3

    Own Id: OTP-17069

  • Fix the issue that pem_decode will crash with an invalid input.

    Own Id: OTP-16902 Aux Id: ERIERL-534

  • Fixed an insignificant whitespace issue when decoding PEM file.

    Own Id: OTP-16801 Aux Id: ERL-1309

  • Experimental OCSP client support.

    Own Id: OTP-16448

  • Use user returned path validation error for selfsigned cert. It allows users of the ssl application to customize the generated TLS alert, within the range of defined alerts.

    Own Id: OTP-16592

  • add API function to retrieve the subject-ID of an X509 certificate

    Own Id: OTP-16705

  • Added support for RSA-PSS signature schemes

    Own Id: OTP-15247

  • Calls of deprecated functions in the Old Crypto API are replaced by calls of their substitutions.

    Own Id: OTP-16346

  • Add support for key exchange with Edward curves and PSS-RSA padding in signature verification.

    Own Id: OTP-16528

  • Corrected CRL handling which could cause CRL verification to fail. This could happen when the CRL distribution point explicitly specifies the CRL issuer, that is not using the fallback.

    Own Id: OTP-16156 Aux Id: ERL-1030

  • Support Password based encryption with AES

    Own Id: OTP-15870 Aux Id: ERL-952

  • Change dialyzer spec to avoid confusion

    Own Id: OTP-15843 Aux Id: ERL-915

  • RSA options passed to crypto for encrypt and decrypt with public or private key.

    Own Id: OTP-15754 Aux Id: ERL-878

  • Fix dialyzer warnings caused by a faulty type specification for digest_type().

    This change updates digest_type() and the functions operating with this argument type to accept both 'sha1' and 'sha' as digest_type().

    Own Id: OTP-15776

  • Add possibility to read PEM files encrypted with old PEM encryption using AES-256

    Own Id: OTP-13726

  • Relax decoding of certificates to so that "harmless" third party encoding errors may be accepted but not created by the public_key application. This adds acceptance of using an incorrect three character country code, the PKIX standard use two character country codes. It is also accepted that the country code is utf8 encoded but the specification says it should be ASCII.

    Own Id: OTP-15687 Aux Id: PR-2162

  • Support Password based encryption with AES

    Own Id: OTP-15870 Aux Id: ERL-952

  • Back port of bug fix ERL-893 from OTP-22 and document enhancements that will solve dialyzer warnings for users of the ssl application.

    This change also affects public_key, eldap (and inet doc).

    Own Id: OTP-15785 Aux Id: ERL-929, ERL-893, PR-2215

  • Add export of dialyzer type

    Own Id: OTP-15624

  • Added ed25519 and ed448 sign/verify.

    Requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher as cryptolib under the OTP application crypto.

    Own Id: OTP-15419 Aux Id: OTP-15094

  • Add DSA SHA2 oids in public_keys ASN1-spec and public_key:pkix_sign_types/1

    Own Id: OTP-15367

  • Removed #DSAPrivateKey{} as acceptable input to public_key:verify/5.

    Own Id: OTP-15284

  • The typing in the CRYPTO and PUBLIC_KEY applications are reworked and a few mistakes are corrected.

    The documentation is now generated from the typing and some clarifications are made.

    A new chapter on Algorithm Details such as key sizes and availability is added to the CRYPTO User's Guide.

    Own Id: OTP-15134

  • Some of the keylengths in the newly generated moduli file in public_key are not universally supported. This could cause the SSH key exchange diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha* to fail.

    Those keylengths are now removed.

    Own Id: OTP-15151 Aux Id: OTP-15113

  • Update calls to the base64 module to conform to that module's type specifications.

    Own Id: OTP-14788 Aux Id: OTP-14624

  • Use uri_string module instead of http_uri.

    Own Id: OTP-14902

  • A new function - public_key:pkix_verify_hostname_match_fun/1 - returns a fun to be given as option match_fun to public_key:pkix_verify_hostname/3 or via ssl.

    The fun makes the verify hostname matching according to the specific rules for the protocol in the argument. Presently only https is supported.

    Own Id: OTP-14962 Aux Id: ERL-542, OTP-15102

  • Complete PKCS-8 encoding support and enhance the decoding of 'PrivateKeyInfo' to conform to the rest of Erlang public_key API.

    Own Id: OTP-15093

  • A new moduli file is generated. This file is used for the recommended diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 key exchange algorithm in SSH.

    Own Id: OTP-15113

  • Fixed a bug in public_key:ssh_encode/2 that made it possible to erroneously encode e.g. an RSA key with another type e.g. ECDSA in the resulting binary.

    Own Id: OTP-14570 Aux Id: ERIERL-52, OTP-14676

  • Corrected handling of parameterized EC keys in public_key:generate_key/1 so that it will work as expected instead of causing a runtime error in crypto.

    Own Id: OTP-14620

  • Hostname verification: Add handling of the general name iPAddress in certificate's subject alternative name extension (subjAltName).

    Own Id: OTP-14653

  • Correct key handling in pkix_test_data/1 and use a generic example mail address instead of an existing one.

    Own Id: OTP-14766

  • public_key now handles elliptic curve parameters in a consistent way so that decoded ECDSA keys can be correctly re-encoded.

    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

    Own Id: OTP-14621 Aux Id: ERL-480, ERL-481

  • Extend crypto:sign, crypto:verify, public_key:sign and public_key:verify with:

    * support for RSASSA-PS padding for signatures and for saltlength setting
    * X9.31 RSA padding.
    * sha, sha224, sha256, sha384, and sha512 for dss signatures as mentioned in NIST SP 800-57 Part 1.
    * ripemd160 to be used for RSA signatures.

    This is a manual merge of half of the pull request 838 by potatosalad from Sept 2015.

    Own Id: OTP-13704 Aux Id: PR838

  • Add API function pkix_test_data/1 for facilitating automated testing. This is useful for applications that perform X509-certifcate path validation of so called certificate chains, such as TLS.

    Own Id: OTP-14181

  • Improved error propagation and reports

    Own Id: OTP-14236

  • RSAPrivateKey version is set to 'two-prime' instead of using the underlying enumeration value directly.

    Own Id: OTP-14534

  • Deprecated function crypto:rand_uniform/2 is replaced by rand:uniform/1.

    Own Id: OTP-14608

  • Bug for public_key:generate_key({namedCurve,OID}) fixed.

    Own Id: OTP-14258

  • Modernized internal representation used for crl validation by use of maps.

    Own Id: OTP-14111

  • Support EC key in pkix_sign/2

    Own Id: OTP-14294

  • New function pkix_verify_hostname/2,3 Implements certificate hostname checking. See the manual and RFC 6125.

    Own Id: OTP-13009

  • The ssh host key fingerprint generation now also takes a list of algorithms and returns a list of corresponding fingerprints. See public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/2 and the option silently_accept_hosts in ssh:connect.

    Own Id: OTP-14223

  • New function public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/1,2 to calculate the SSH host key fingerprint string.

    Own Id: OTP-13888 Aux Id: OTP-13887

  • The ASN-1 type GeneralName can have more values, then the most common directory name, the code now handles this.

    Own Id: OTP-13554

  • Handle PEM encoded EC public keys

    Own Id: OTP-13408

  • An encapsulated PEM header shall be followed by a blank line

    Own Id: OTP-13381 Aux Id: seq13070

  • The 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp256', 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp384' and 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp521' signature algorithms for ssh are implemented. See RFC 5656.

    Own Id: OTP-12936

  • There is now a file (public_key/priv/moduli) which lists size-generator-modulus triples. The purpose is to give servers the possibility to select the crypto primes randomly among a list of pregenerated triples. This reduces the risk for some attacks on diffie-hellman negotiation.

    See the reference manual for public_key:dh_gex_group/4 where the handling of this is described.

    The ssh server (ssh:daemon) uses this.

    Own Id: OTP-13054 Aux Id: OTP-13052

  • Add different upper bounds for different string types as suggested by comment in PKIX1Explicit88.

    Own Id: OTP-13132

  • Document enhancements

    Own Id: OTP-12986

  • public_key: Remove legacy switch compact_bit_string

    E.i bitstrings will not be decode as {Unused, Binary}, they are now Erlang bitstrings.

    Also the compact_bit_string implies the legacy_erlang_types switch So removing the switch will also make OCTET STRING values be represented as binaries.

    Undecoded open type will now be wrapped in a asn1_OPENTYPE tuple.

    This will change some values in records returned by the public_key API making this change a potentiall incompatibility.

    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

    Own Id: OTP-12110

  • Improve/extend support for CRL handling.

    Own Id: OTP-12547 Aux Id: OTP-10362

  • Added missing encoding support for PBES2, and also completed support for PBES1 that was incomplete.

    Own Id: OTP-11915

  • Fix incorrect dialyzer spec and types, also enhance documentation.

    Thanks to Ayaz Tuncer.

    Own Id: OTP-11627

  • Application upgrade (appup) files are corrected for the following applications:

    asn1, common_test, compiler, crypto, debugger, dialyzer, edoc, eldap, erl_docgen, et, eunit, gs, hipe, inets, observer, odbc, os_mon, otp_mibs, parsetools, percept, public_key, reltool, runtime_tools, ssh, syntax_tools, test_server, tools, typer, webtool, wx, xmerl

    A new test utility for testing appup files is added to test_server. This is now used by most applications in OTP.

    (Thanks to Tobias Schlager)

    Own Id: OTP-11744

  • Moved elliptic curve definition from the crypto NIF/OpenSSL into Erlang code, adds the RFC-5639 brainpool curves and makes TLS use them (RFC-7027).

    Thanks to Andreas Schultz

    Own Id: OTP-11578

  • Handle v1 CRLs, with no extensions and fixes issues with IDP (Issuing Distribution Point) comparison during CRL validation.

    Thanks to Andrew Thompson

    Own Id: OTP-11761

  • Fixed a little typo in public_key documentation. Thanks to Tomas Morstein.

    Own Id: OTP-11380

  • public_key: Workaround for incorrectly encoded utf8 emailAddress. Thanks to Andrew Bennett.

    Own Id: OTP-11470

  • Extend PKCS-7 to support SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol).

    Own Id: OTP-10874

  • public_key:pem_entry_decode/2 now handles AES-128-CBC ciphered keys. Thanks to Simon Cornish.

    Own Id: OTP-11281

  • Add support for ISO oids 1.3.14.3.2.29 and 1.3.14.3.2.27 that are sometimes used instead of the PKCS defined oids 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 and 1.2.840.10040.4.3. Add function pkix_sign_types:/1 that translates oids to to algorithm atoms ex:

    > public_key:pkix_sign_types({1,3,14,3,2,29}). {sha,rsa}

    Own Id: OTP-10873

  • Integrate elliptic curve contribution from Andreas Schultz

    In order to be able to support elliptic curve cipher suites in SSL/TLS, additions to handle elliptic curve infrastructure has been added to public_key and crypto.

    This also has resulted in a rewrite of the crypto API to gain consistency and remove unnecessary overhead. All OTP applications using crypto has been updated to use the new API.

    Impact: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) offers equivalent security with smaller key sizes than other public key algorithms. Smaller key sizes result in savings for power, memory, bandwidth, and computational cost that make ECC especially attractive for constrained environments.

    Own Id: OTP-11009

  • Fix subjectPublicKeyInfo type comment in public_key. Thanks to Ryosuke Nakai.

    Own Id: OTP-10670

  • public_key now supports CRL validation and documents the function public_key:pkix_path_validation/3

    Own Id: OTP-7045

  • Some examples overflowing the width of PDF pages have been corrected.

    Own Id: OTP-10665

  • Fixed typo's in public_key spec.

    Own Id: OTP-10723

  • Corrected PKCS-10 documentation and added some PKCS-9 support that is fairly commonly used by PKCS-10. Full support for PKCS-9 will be added later.

    Own Id: OTP-10767

  • ssh_decode now handles comments, at the end of the line, containing with spaces correctly

    Own Id: OTP-9361

  • Add missing references to sha224 and sha384

    Own Id: OTP-9362 Aux Id: seq12116

  • public_key now supports PKCS-10 and includes experimental support for PKCS-7

    Own Id: OTP-10509 Aux Id: kunagi-291 [202]

  • Add crypto and public_key support for the hash functions SHA224, SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 and also hmac and rsa_sign/verify support using these hash functions. Thanks to Andreas Schultz for making a prototype.

    Own Id: OTP-9908

  • Optimize RSA private key handling in crypto and public_key.

    Own Id: OTP-10065

  • Changed ssh implementation to use the public_key application for all public key handling. This is also a first step for enabling a callback API for supplying public keys and handling keys protected with password phrases.

    Additionally the test suites where improved so that they do not copy the users keys to test server directories as this is a security liability. Also ipv6 and file access issues found in the process has been fixed.

    This change also solves OTP-7677 and OTP-7235

    This changes also involves some updates to public_keys ssh-functions.

    Own Id: OTP-9911

  • public_key, ssl and crypto now supports PKCS-8

    Own Id: OTP-9312

  • The asn1 decoder/encoder now uses a runtime nif from the asn1 application if it is available.

    Own Id: OTP-9414

  • replace "a ssl" with "an ssl" reindent pkix_path_validation/3 Trivial documentation fixes (Thanks to Christian von Roques )

    Own Id: OTP-9464

  • The public_key application now supports encode/decode of ssh public-key files.

    Own Id: OTP-9144

  • Allows the public_key module to decode and encode RSA and DSA keys encoded using the SubjectPublicKeyInfo format. When pem_entry_encode is called on an RSA or DSA public key type, the key is wrapped in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo format.

    Own Id: OTP-9061

  • Improved dialyzer specs.

    Own Id: OTP-8964

  • Updated ssl to ignore CA certs that violate the asn1-spec for a certificate, and updated public key asn1 spec to handle inherited DSS-params.

    Own Id: OTP-7884

  • Changed ssl implementation to retain backwards compatibility for old option {verify, 0} that shall be equivalent to {verify, verify_none}, also separate the cases unknown ca and selfsigned peer cert, and restored return value of deprecated function public_key:pem_to_der/1.

    Own Id: OTP-8858

  • Better handling of v1 and v2 certificates. V1 and v2 certificates does not have any extensions so then validate_extensions should just accept that there are none and not end up in missing_basic_constraints clause.

    Own Id: OTP-8867

  • Changed the verify fun so that it differentiate between the peer certificate and CA certificates by using valid_peer or valid as the second argument to the verify fun. It may not always be trivial or even possible to know when the peer certificate is reached otherwise.

    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

    Own Id: OTP-8873

  • Handling of unknown CA certificates was changed in ssl and public_key to work as intended.

    Own Id: OTP-8788

  • Revise the public_key API - Cleaned up and documented the public_key API to make it useful for general use, also changed ssl to use the new API.

    Own Id: OTP-8722

  • Added the functionality so that the verification fun will be called when a certificate is considered valid by the path validation to allow access to each certificate in the path to the user application. Also try to verify subject-AltName, if unable to verify it let the application verify it.

    Own Id: OTP-8825

  • Certificates without any extensions could not be handled by public_key.

    Own Id: OTP-8626

  • Code cleanup and minor bugfixes.

    Own Id: OTP-8649

  • Support for Diffie-Hellman. ssl-3.11 requires public_key-0.6.

    Own Id: OTP-7046

  • Moved extended key usage test for ssl values to ssl.

    Own Id: OTP-8553 Aux Id: seq11541, OTP-8554

  • Added public_key:pkix_transform/2 to enable ssl to send CA list during Certificate Request.

    NOTE: SSL (new_ssl) requires public_key-0.5. ssl usage.

    Own Id: OTP-8372

  • The documentation is now built with open source tools (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One visible change is that the frames are removed.

    Own Id: OTP-8250

  • Unknown attributes in certificates are left encoded instead of crashing. Patch by Will "wglozer" thanks.

    Own Id: OTP-8100

  • Allow public_key:pem_to_der/[1,2] to take a binary as argument in addition to a filename. Patch by Geoff Cant, thanks.

    Own Id: OTP-8142

  • X509 certificate handling has been extended and improved as a result of more extensive testing of both the ssl and public_key application. Even more extensions of the certificate handling is yet to be implemented.

    Own Id: OTP-7860

  • First version.

    Own Id: OTP-7637

Copyright © 2008-2024 Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved